The Application of Customary Norms of International Humanitarian Law in Contemporary Armed Conflicts

Stevanović, Anđelija (2026) The Application of Customary Norms of International Humanitarian Law in Contemporary Armed Conflicts. In: International Criminal Law at a Turning Point – Reform of Criminal Legislation of the Republic of Serbia Vol 1. International Criminal Law Association, Belgrade, p. 354. ISBN 86-6132-231-0

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Abstract

Contemporary armed conflicts pose new challenges for the application of international humanitarian law (IHL), particularly its customary norms, which form the foundation for both the protection of civilians, prisoners of war, and combatants themselves, and, on the other hand, limitations on the use of weapons. The development and use of new technologies, such as unmanned aerial vehicles (drones), autonomous weapons systems, and cyber operations, raise complex legal and ethical questions concerning accountability and the enforcement of IHL. This paper analyzes the application of customary norms of international humanitarian law in modern conflicts, with particular emphasis on the challenges posed by emerging technologies. Special attention is given to the identification of legal gaps, the interpretation of key norms in a contemporary context, and the presentation of concrete examples from ongoing conflicts. The aim of the paper is to highlight the need for the adaptation and consistent application of customary law in order to ensure that international standards for the protection of human life and dignity remain effective in an era of technologically advanced warfare.

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