From Testing to Deployment: A Comparative Analysis of Autonomous Vehicle Regulation

Sovilj, Ranko and Zlatanović, Sanja (2026) From Testing to Deployment: A Comparative Analysis of Autonomous Vehicle Regulation. Strani pravni život, 70 (3). pp. 351-375.

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Abstract

The rapid development of autonomous vehicles challenges traditional driver-centred legal frameworks and raises important questions concerning safety, responsibility, and regulatory certainty. This article examines whether existing legal frameworks adequately address the regulation of autonomous vehicles and identifies regulatory approaches relevant to Serbia. Drawing on comparative and normative legal methodology, it analyses regulatory models in the United States, the United Kingdom, the European Union, Germany, France, and Australia, before assessing the Serbian regulatory framework. The findings indicate a shift towards ex ante safety assurance, institutional responsibility, lifecycle oversight, and adaptive regulation. Serbia, however, remains focused primarily on the testing of autonomous vehicles and lacks comprehensive rules governing authorisation, responsibility, insurance, data governance, and continuous oversight. The article therefore identifies key elements for the development of a comprehensive regulatory framework for autonomous vehicles in Serbia.

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